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ISO STANDARD 12103-1
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April 1992, ISO/TC22 members
approved new work item proposal N1712 Performance Testing
of Filters - Definition of Test Dust. Later that year
ISO/TC22/SC7/WG3 began work on a rough draft, which would
evolve through stages of ISO Standard Development.
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ISO 12103-1 Road Vehicles -
Test Dust for Filter Evaluation
Part 1: Arizona Test Dust was published, First Edition, 15 December 1997.
It specifies four grades of test dust including dust description, designation,
particle size distribution, particle size analysis procedure, and chemical
content. The intent in producing a separate standard for the description
of test dust was to provide a simple and accurate test dust reference
for use in other standards or documents where test dust use is required.
Future revisions of ISO 12103-1 will accommodate changes in technology
affecting test dust manufacturing processes and insure product consistency
for years to come.
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Four grades of test dust are designated in ISO 12103-1,
a description of each is as follows:
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ISO 12103-1,A1 Ultrafine Test Dust
is nominal 0-10 micron size. It was originally developed
for testing automotive cabin air filters. Although
it is not currently specified as a suitable contaminant
for cabin air filters, it is used as a test contaminant
for fuel system components, water filter performance
evaluation, and other custom applications. ISO Ultrafine
test dust is a milled and classified product resulting
in a sub micron content that is lower than that found
in ISO 12103-1,A2 Fine Test Dust.
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ISO 12103-1,A2 Fine Test Dust is
nominal 0-80 micron size. ISO Fine Dust is identical
to SAE Fine Test Dust produced by Powder Technology
Inc. prior to formation of this Standard. The basis
for acceptable particle size limits specified per
ISO 12103-1, A2 were derived from analysis of eight
batches of SAE Fine Test Dust manufactured by Powder
Technology, Inc. between 1992 and 1994. A view of
volume differential particle size data indicates
a bi-modal distribution with approximate peaks at
4 and 20 micron size. The bi-modal aspect of this
product traces back to the original roller analysis
specification of Fine Test Dust shown in former revisions
of SAE J726 Specification.
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ISO 12103-1,A3 Medium Test Dust
is nominal 0-80 micron size with a lower 0-5 micron
content than ISO 12103-1,A2 Fine Test Dust. Medium
Test Dust is identical to former SAE 5-80 Micrometer
Test Dust specified in SAE HS J806 Oil Filter Test
Procedure. The basis for acceptable particle size
limits specified per ISO 12103-1,A3 were derived
from multiple samples of two prior batches of SAE
5-80 Micrometer Test Dust manufactured by Powder
Technology Inc. Samples from only two batches were
used because only two batches of this type dust were
produced prior to 1994 when ISO 12103-1 particle
size limits were determined.
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ISO 12103-1,A4 Coarse Test Dust
is nominal 0-180 micron size. ISO Coarse Test Dust
is identical to SAE Coarse Test Dust produced by
Powder Technology Inc. prior to formation of this
Standard. The basis for acceptable particle size
limits specified per ISO 12103-1,A4 were derived
from analysis of 8 batches of SAE Coarse Test Dust
manufactured between 1992 and 1994.
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Multisizer IIe Particle Size Analyzer.
The Multisizer IIe analyzer measures particles individually
by volume (mass). Particles for analysis are suspended
in an electrolyte solution. The suspension is stirred
and drawn through an aperture using a vacuum source.
Particles are measured as they pass through the aperture.
Particle size limits specified per ISO 12103-1 are expressed
as cumulative volume percent smaller than and listed
as follows:
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Volume Fraction, %
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Size µ
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A1 Ultrafine
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A2 Fine
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A3 Medium
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A4 Coarse
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1
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1.0 to 3.0
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2.5 to 3.5
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1.0 to 2.0
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0.6 to 1.0
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2
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9.0 to 13.0
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10.5 to 12.5
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4.0 to 5.5
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2.2 to 3.7
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3
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21.0 to 27.0
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18.5 to 22.0
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7.5 to 9.5
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4.2 to 6.0
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4
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36.0 to 44.0
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25.5 to 29.5
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10.5 to 13.0
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6.2 to 8.2
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5
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56.0 to 64.0
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31.0 to 36.0
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15.0 to 19.0
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8.0 to 10.5
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7
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83.0 to 88.0
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41.0 to 46.0
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28.0 to 33.0
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12.0 to 14.5
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10
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97.0 to 100
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50.0 to 54.0
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40.0 to 45.0
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17.0 to 22.0
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20
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100
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70.0 to 74.0
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65.0 to 69.0
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32.0 to 36.0
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40
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-----
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88.0 to 91.0
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84.0 to 88.0
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57.0 to 61.0
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80
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99.5 to 100
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99.0 to 100
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87.5 to 89.5
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120
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100
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100
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97.0 to 98.0
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180
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99.5 to 100
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200
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100
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Graphical Comparison of ISO 12103-1 Test Dust Grades
Based on ISO 12103-1 Specified Limits Median
(Cumulative Volume)
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